This is a quick guide to installing PostgreSQL on a Linux based system. We need to get this up and running before we can write PHP scripts to talk to the database. We need to install PostgreSQL before we can install PHP (since we need the PostgreSQL header files).
This is a little more complicated than installing Apache.
The best bet is to install from packages since this will make things easier, both now and for upgrades.
If you decide to install from source code, you'll need to create a user and compile the source.
Create a PostgreSQL user (you'll need root access). This is who owns the system. I use the "postgres" user and group, you can use something different but it's best to keep it related to the package.
See your system documentation on how to do this (hint - man useradd). Give the user a home directory of /usr/local/pgsql as this is where PostgreSQL defaults to when it installs.
Once all that is done, untar the source:
$ tar -zxf postgresql-
or
$ tar -xjf postgresql-
Jump into the directory:
$ cd postgresql-
(replace
Again, configure has a lot of help:
$ ./configure --help
We'll just install into /usr/local/pgsql and leave the rest as-is:
$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pgsql
Next we have to make it (this will take a while, it takes longer than Apache):
$ make
You will get a line:
All of PostgreSQL successfully made. Ready to install.
when everything is finished.
You'll need to log in as root to do the rest:
$ su -
Go back to the postgresql directory and do:
# make install
PostgreSQL doesn't allow root to start up the server for security reasons, so next you'll have to change the owner of the files:
# chown -R postgres:postgres /usr/local/pgsql
Change to the postgres user:
# su - postgres
Then, change to /usr/local/pgsql:
$ cd /usr/local/pgsql
We need to initialize a database cluster:
$ bin/initdb -D ./data
This will create a /usr/local/pgsql/data directory and initialize it ready for startup and use.
As usual, you can view options by using the --help switch:
$ bin/initdb --help
Then you can start:
$ bin/pg_ctl -D ./data -l data/logfile start
Now that postgresql is started, we need to create a database and another user before we go any further.
You should use a separate database for each of our projects, it's not essential though - it just makes things a little cleaner and easier to understand.
You should also use separate users for each database. This keeps everything separate and 'project a' won't be able to modify any of 'project b's data.
To create a new user in postgresql, it's pretty simple:
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createuser
and follow the prompts - pretty simple :)
The new user should not be able to create new databases or create new users.
To create a database, it's a little different.
$ /usr/local/pgsql/bin/createdb --owner=username databasename
We have to set the owner of the database when we create it, otherwise the 'postgres' user owns it and then we have to grant access to allow our new user to access it.
Now that that's all done, log out of the postgres user, so we're back as root. In the postgres directory, the contrib/start-scripts/ directory has a few system start up scripts.
Follow the instructions in the relevant one to install a start-up script so postgres will start when your system does.
More detailed installation instructions are in the INSTALL file or by going to the PostgreSQL website http://www.postgresql.org/docs/ and going to the right version for you.
Use Notepad to Create a Log File
SUMMARY
Microsoft Notepad is a word processing tool included with Windows and is installed by default under the Accessories program group. You can use it to create a log-type file that adds the current date and time each time the Notepad file is opened. This article describes how to create a log file with Notepad.
MORE INFORMATION
To create a log file in Notepad:| 1. | Click Start, point to Programs, point to Accessories, and then click Notepad. |
| 2. | Type .LOG on the first line, and then press ENTER to move to the next line. |
| 3. | On the File menu, click Save As, type a descriptive name for your file in the File name box, and then click OK. When you next open the file, note that the date and time have been appended to the end of the log, immediately preceding the place where new text can be added. You can use this functionality to automatically add the current date and time to each log entry. |
How to Disable Security Center Alerts
If you're running Windows XP Service Pack 2 (SP2) Windows Security Center should tell you the status of your antivirus software, firewall, and automatic updates. Security Center will alert you if your antivirus is out of date or turned off, firewall is turned off, or if Automatic Update is not turned on.
If you have received multiple alerts and would like to turn notifications off, you can disable the antivirus, firewall, or automatic update alerts.
Note You should only disable these alerts if you are an expert user. If you are in the process of updating or installing software you may also want to temporarily disable alerts, but please be sure to turn alerts back on so Windows can keep your status up to date.
To turn off Security Center alerts
| 1. | Click Start and then click Control Panel. |
| 2. | Double-click Security Center. |
| 3. | In the Security Center, under Resources, click Change the way Security Center alerts me. |
| 4. | In the Alert Settings dialog box, clear the Firewall, Automatic Updates, or Virus Protection check boxes, and then click OK. |
When you use this procedure, the Security Center still displays your status, but does not send you alerts.
Note If your computer is part of a domain (a group of computers on a network), your security settings are typically managed by your network administrator. In this case, the Security Center does not display your security status or send alerts.
Mount partition with ntfs file system
Introduction
Purpose of this article is to provide to reader step by step guide, how to mount partition with NTFS file system on Linux operating system. This article consist of two parts:
- mount NTFS file system read only access
- mount NTFS file system with read write access
Mount NTFS file system with read only access
NTFS kernel support
Majority of current Linux distributions support NTFS file system out of the box. To be more specific, support for NTFS file system is more feature of Linux kernel modules rather then Linux distributions. Lets check if we have NTFS modules installed.
ls /lib/modules/2.6.18-5-686/kernel/fs/ | grep ntfs
root@ensit~# ls /lib/modules/2.6.18-5-686/kernel/fs/ | grep ntfs
ntfs
root@ensit~#
NTFS module is presented. Lets identify NTFS partition.
Identifying partition with NTFS file system
One simple way to identify NTFS partition is:
fdisk -l | grep NTFS
root@ensit~#fdisk -l | grep NTFS
/dev/sdb1 * 1 261 210456 7 HPFS/NTFS
root@ensit~#
There it is: /dev/sdb1
Mount NTFS partition
First create mount point:
mkdir /mnt/ntfs
Then simply use mount command to mount it:
mount -t ntfs /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ntfs
root@ensit~#mkdir /mnt/ntfs
root@ensit~#mount /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ntfs
root@ensit~#cd /mnt/ntfs
root@ensit~#ls
test
root@ensit~#
Now we can access NTFS partition and its files with read write access.
Mount NTFS file system with read write access
Mounting NTFS file system with read write access permissions is a bit more complicated. This involves installation of addition software such as fuse and ntfs-3g. In both cases you probably need to use you package management tool such as yum, apt-get, synaptic etc.. and install it from your standard distribution repository. Check for packages ntfs-3g and fuse.
We take the other path which consists of manual compilation and installation fuse and ntfs-3g from source code.
Install addition software
Fuse Install
Download source code from: http://fuse.sourceforge.net/
wget http://easynews.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/fuse/fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz
Compile and install fuse source code:
Extract source file:
tar -xzvf fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz
Compile and install
cd fuse-2.7.1
./configure --exec-prefix=/; make; make install
root@ensit~#ls
fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz
root@ensit~#tar -xzvf fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz
root@ensit~#cd fuse-2.7.1
root@ensit~#./configure --exec-prefix=/; make; make install
ntfs-3g install
Download source code from: http://www.ntfs-3g.org/index.html#download
wget http://www.ntfs-3g.org/ntfs-3g-1.1120.tgz
Extract source file:
tar -xzvf ntfs-3g-1.1120.tgz
Compile and install ntfs-3g source code
NOTE: Make sure that you have pkg-config package installed, otherwise you get this error message:
checking for pkg-config... no
checking for FUSE_MODULE... configure: error: FUSE >= 2.6.0 was not found. Either it's not fully
installed (e.g. fuse, fuse-utils, libfuse, libfuse2, libfuse-dev, etc packages) or files from an old
version are still present. See FUSE at http://fuse.sf.net/
cd ntfs-3g-1.1120
./configure; make; make install
root@ensit~#ls
fuse-2.7.1 fuse-2.7.1.tar.gz ntfs-3g-1.1120.tar.gz
root@ensit~#tar -xzvf ntfs-3g-1.1120.tar.gz
root@ensit~#cd ntfs-3g-1.1120
root@ensit~#./configure --exec-prefix=/; make; make install
Mount ntfs partition with read write access
mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ntfs/
NOTE: ntfs-3g recommends to have at least kernel version 2.6.20 and higher.
root@ensit~# mount -t ntfs-3g /dev/sdb1 /mnt/ntfs/
WARNING: Deficient Linux kernel detected. Some driver features are
not available (swap file on NTFS, boot from NTFS by LILO), and
unmount is not safe unless it's made sure the ntfs-3g process
naturally terminates after calling 'umount'. If you wish this
message to disappear then you should upgrade to at least kernel
version 2.6.20, or request help from your distribution to fix
the kernel problem. The below web page has more information:
http://ntfs-3g.org/support.html#fuse26